Austrian biologist, Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy, developed the idea of the General Systems Theory (GST). The GST is a multidisciplinary approach of system analysis. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari are the two postmodern thinkers who advocate systems theory approach in social sciences.
(Not in a coherent language as postmodern assumptions (& conventions) *Flat plane of competing have ensured that any coherent argument will be quickly 'identified' (Barthes) and destroyed ) they cannot write an objective text so they simply (or complexly (spellin mistake meant) 'riff' on various cross departmental/theoretical subjects ensuring the level of complexity is high enough that most dare not attack it and those who do leave themselves open to counter criticism ( not by them they don't bother answering their 'critics' directly)
knowing well as they do that to criticize or 'mark' anything (from a strong postmodern perspective is to simply create an interpretation of a multifaceted plane beyond the grasp of the human and his instruments... reflecting godels theorem - a theorem is meaningless or unprovable.... ( the crisis of representation)
To some extent Massumi B is addressing this
Main Concepts in Systems Theory
[edit]Non-representational and non-referential
One of the central elements of the systems theory is to move away from the representational system to the non-representation of things. What it means that instead of imposing mental concepts, which reduce complexity of a materiality by limiting the variations or malleability, onto the objects; one should trace the network of things. According to Gregory Bateson, “ethos, eidos, sociology, economics, cultural structure, social structure, and all the rest of these words refer only to scientists’ ways of putting the jigsaw puzzle.”
[2] The tracing rather than projecting mental images bring in sight material reality that has been obscured under the universalizing concepts.
[edit]Non-Cartesian
Since the European
Enlightenment, the Western philosophy has placed the individual, as an indispensable category, at the center of the universe.
René Descartes' famous aphorism, 'I think therefore I am' proves that a person is a rational subject whose feature of thinking brings the human into existence. The Cartesian subject, therefore, is a scientific individual who imposes mental concepts on things in order to control the nature or simply what exists outside his mind. This subject-centered view of the universe has reduced the complex nature of the universe. One of the biggest challenges for system theory is thus to displace or de-center the Cartesian subject as a center of a universe and as a rational being. The idea is to make human beings not a supreme entity but rather to situate them as any other being in the universe. The humans are not thinking Cartesian subject but they dwell alongside nature. This brings back the human to its original place and introduces nature in the equation. The systems theory, therefore, encourages a non-unitary subject in opposition to a Cartesian subject.
[edit]Complexity
Once the Cartesian individual is dissolved, the social sciences will move away from a subject-centered view of the world. The challenge is then how to non-represent empirical reality without reducing the complexity of a system. To put it simply, instead of representing things by us let the things speak through us. These questions led materialists philosophers such as Deleuze and Guattari to develop a "science" for understanding reality without imposing our mental projections. The way they encourage is instead of throwing conceptual ideas we should do tracing. Tracing requires one to connect disparate assemblages or appendages not into a unified center but rather into a
rhizome or an open system.
[3][edit]Open System and Closed System
Ludwig Bertalanaffy describes two types of systems:
open system and
closed system. The open systems are systems that allow interactions between its internal elements and the environment. An open system is defined as a “system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting import and export, building-up and breaking-down of its material components.”
[4] For example, living organism. Closed systems, on the other hand, are considered to be isolated from their environment. For instance, thermodynamics that applies to closed systems.
[edit]
If we don't come together to 'discuss' these layers of complexity , specifically the boundaries and the feedback
we are left with the linier interpretations and flat planes that suit instrumentality - see . the constructed denying the value and attacking the morality of the collective natural...and emergent...
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