Phenomenology (against closure?)
Husserl (Culmination of Cartesianism) Subject-Object
The examination of what appears to conciousness, suspend judgement and describe, certainty not found in external world - a place to stand from which to conciousness - trancendental ego..
Husserl identifies as the one thing we are certain of, the solid foundations are , the essential structure of experience... what makes the intentionality (directedness to objects)- conciousness is always about something - so in some sense it is object focussed - Husserl is a Cartesian, things of the world, phenomenology (experience based) is one thing ontology is another. Phenomenological reduction by bracketing - Horizon brings with it on the one hand modesty on the other political impotence...
Heidigger disagreed about the subject object focus , eager to be normalised (social conditions) as natural - dasein even fleeing from the crowd is donne as people do it...we are in the world not just observers seperated...from the world not just concious rational - much auomated unconciousness ready to hand everyday (practical coping) unready to hand subconcious also present to hand... predicatess & laws - science
Ungrounded - anxiety - dasein - conformist or hold on to anxiety which stems from tech focus nihilism dasein/care existence action make sense in terms of context significance back ground of world
authenticity - things important for the sake of - future oriented towards role/ aim - eg mutualitypoets language changes life eg "laid back" - more than scientists Makesup own vocabulary as he says it isnt altready there
Dreyfus
On the other hand we have the subjectivist, humanist approachs I catagorize these as creative", philosophy of phenomenolgy, denying the universal generalisations of positivism, and the validity of Comte's (ref) claims, prioritising Experiential Flow (Lebenswelt) (Husserls Phenomenological lifeworld) above abstraction. ( I believe it is layered from individual to a collective/universal aspect)
The common core of phenomenology is the rejection of the empirical claims of positivism. a focus on the individuals subjective experience, the aim of bracketing presuppositons in an attempt to get to the phenomeological truth/ground of experience(!)
Lebenswelt
▪ "But now we must note something of the highest importance that occurred as early as Galileo" (Husserl 1961: 48-49). This something is no longer disinterest or inattention, but rather but rather the deliberate carrying out of a "substitution" (Unterschiebung - which implies a replacing of the authentic with the inauthentic). Something has been taken away and something else put in its place: "the only reality, the one that is actually given through perception, that is ever experienced and experienceable - our everyday life-world" has been replaced by "the mathematically substructed world of idealities." Husserl
add Heidigger
Maurice Merleau-Ponty developed his existential philosophy by drawing heavily upon the works of Edmund Husserl. Merleau-Ponty has been categorized as both an phenomenologist and an existentialist, indicating the difficulty of separating the two schools. Each holds as a primary tenet that the individual defines both self and the world experienced. ... while he thought science and emperical data were paths towards the truth, he also rejected the notion that science, as a set of methods, could discover philosophical truths. As Continental philosophers were rejecting “scientism” in the aftermath of the two World Wars, Merleau-Ponty was suggesting there was still a value in science, but not in science alone.
About the only thing clear in Merleau-Ponty’s view is that nothing can be certain. We struggle to define terms like “self” and “body” which are the very basis for philosophy. If we cannot define “person” without creating a tangled web of relationships, then nothing else can be reduced to an ideal. It would seem the one thing we should know, ourselves, is impossible to know. http://www.tameri.com/csw/exist/merleau.shtml
No comments:
Post a Comment