The randomness as genesis principle
Strictly speaking, the borrowing and reorganizing principle reorganizes rather than creates new information although, of course, reorganization does involve creativity. Nevertheless, a distinction does need to be made between reorganizing previously created information and an original act of creation that results in new information. A procedure for creating new knowledge is required because for a variety of reasons, useful, previously organized information obtainable via the borrowing and reorganizing principle may not be available. Consequently, natural information processing systems need distinct procedures for, on the one hand, borrowing and reorganizing previously generated information and for creating new information on the other hand.
Humans create new information during problem solving. The problem solving strategy that has undergone the most detailed study is means-ends analysis (Newell and Simon, 1972). This strategy was extensively analyzed using computer modeling during the 1970s and 80s (e.g., Sweller, 1988). In essence, the strategy requires a problem solver to repeatedly consider a current problem state, consider the goal state, extract differences between them and find a problem solving operator that can reduce those differences. Successful problem solutions can result in the creation of new knowledge that can be stored in long-term memory for subsequent use.
Strictly speaking, the borrowing and reorganizing principle reorganizes rather than creates new information although, of course, reorganization does involve creativity. Nevertheless, a distinction does need to be made between reorganizing previously created information and an original act of creation that results in new information. A procedure for creating new knowledge is required because for a variety of reasons, useful, previously organized information obtainable via the borrowing and reorganizing principle may not be available. Consequently, natural information processing systems need distinct procedures for, on the one hand, borrowing and reorganizing previously generated information and for creating new information on the other hand.
Humans create new information during problem solving. The problem solving strategy that has undergone the most detailed study is means-ends analysis (Newell and Simon, 1972). This strategy was extensively analyzed using computer modeling during the 1970s and 80s (e.g., Sweller, 1988). In essence, the strategy requires a problem solver to repeatedly consider a current problem state, consider the goal state, extract differences between them and find a problem solving operator that can reduce those differences. Successful problem solutions can result in the creation of new knowledge that can be stored in long-term memory for subsequent use.
it may seem paradoxical that the order demanded of natural information processing systems has randomness as its base; that the ultimate origin of ordered information is randomness. This paradox has resulted in randomness playing little part in most cognitive theories. The paradox is reduced when it is remembered that randomness is one partner in a duality: (a) random generation and (b) tests of effectiveness. Order is established by testing randomly generated possibilities. Thus, despite the centrality of randomness in natural information processing systems, randomness as genesis provides the origin of all organized information in this class of systems. Nevertheless, because randomness is central to natural information processing systems, it has further structural implications that are discussed next.
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